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COMBINED CUES. “In summary, the expression of both floral promoters (FT and SOC1) and floral repressors (FLC and SVP) is regulated by several flowering time pathways, thereby responding to multiple external or endogenous cues in each case.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952510001873 View in LinkedIn

DOWNSTREAM EFFECT. “Thus, the vernalization-dependent downregulation of FLC enables Arabidopsis to flower by producing a systemic signal in the leaf (FT) and by conferring competence to the meristem to respond to it.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952510001873 View in LinkedIn

“VERNALIZATION decreases FLC expression, which allows the induction of FT in leaves and the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth at the shoot apex, through the systemic signaling system that FT represents.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952510001873 View in LinkedIn

GENETIC REPRESSORS. “These so-called floral repressors...acts both in leaves and the apical meristem and, with its expression controlled by epigenetic mechanisms as well as at a direct transcriptional level, acts as the central component of the vernalization response pathway.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952510001873 View in LinkedIn

CONSTANS ACTIVATES FLOWERING LOCUS. “The FT protein is a component of the mobile flowering signal ‘florigen’ that moves upon its expression in the vascular tissue of leaves to the shoot apex. The capability of CO to induce FT expression is counteracted by several regulators that repress FT through different mechanisms or pathways, thereby preventing precocious flowering.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952510001873 View in LinkedIn

THE CASCADE. “CO activates the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), probably by binding to FT regulatory regions and by interacting with transcription factors of the NF-YB and NF-YC classes 11, 12, 13.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952510001873 View in LinkedIn

CONSTANS GENE. “CO codes for a zinc finger and CCT-domain-containing transcription factor that accumulates under long day conditions in leaves as a result of the combination of the rhythmic expression of CO mRNA and the stabilization of CO protein by light.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952510001873 View in LinkedIn

“LONG DAYS accelerate flowering via the photoperiodic (day length) pathway, which is mediated by CONSTANS (CO).” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952510001873 View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETIC CUES. “In Arabidopsis, flowering in response to seasonal changes is controlled by the vernalization, photoperiod and ambient temperature pathways, which act coordinately with those that respond to endogenous and developmental cues: the autonomous, gibberellin and age-dependent pathways (see Figure 1).” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952510001873 View in LinkedIn