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EARLIER FAILURE. “The absence of PCR product in the samples of «Tanpopo» mission can be explained by the short duration of exposure and the location of the sampler. We guessed that a surface of the ISS is a more effective trap for the space dust, because it gathers the dispersed particles from the vacuum, just in the same way as the dust particles, including bacterial and fungal spores, are adsorbed from the gas phase on the surface of aircraft.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

PART OF A SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS. “Previously, researches have already collected cosmic dust on the ISS, trying to find the ionosphere bacteria from the lower atmosphere. For this task, in the experiment «Tanpopo» a special collector of cosmic dust on the basis of hydrophobic aerogel was constructed on the Japanese segment of the ISS.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

FIRST HYPOTHESIS. “We might conjecture that viable forms or at least intact DNA can be transferred to the ISS orbit with the ascending branch of the global electric circuit (GEC).” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

FIVE YEAR GAP. “Cosmonaut Misurkin A. A. (a crew member of the expedition 36) during his spacewalk (22.08.2013) collected the samples of space dust using the tampon from the sampler “TEST” (Central Research Institute of Machine Building).” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

STRIPE AND TRIANGLE MOTIFS. “Fig. 6 shows the distributions of stripes and triangles in this group and the maximum-likelihood assignment of ancestral states. The presence and absence of stripes, in particular, is scattered throughout the phylogeny, indicating that they are evolutionarily labile, although triangle presence/absence shows some correlation with large clades.” https://lnkd.in/dwfZQzE View in LinkedIn

INHERITABILITY. “Phenotypic traits like body size and shape typically exhibit a substantial degree of “phylogenetic signal,” meaning that they are inherited, and the phenotypes of closely related species are strongly correlated.” https://lnkd.in/dwfZQzE View in LinkedIn

PROBABILITY CURVES. “By using a Brownian motion model for the evolution of continuous traits, the maximum-likelihood value was estimated for each neural network parameter at each node. The neural network model was used to produce the shells using the estimated parameters for each node. Color is not part of the neural network model, so it was added independently to the models of living shells, and then mapped onto the phylogeny (using maximum likelihood) as a binary trait (black/white or brown/white).” https://lnkd.in/dwfZQzE View in LinkedIn

COMPUTER MODEL. “Fig. 4. Maximum-likelihood estimates of ancestral shell patterns. Shells of living species are displayed at the tips; to the right of these are shells “grown” in the computer by using the neural-network model and the fitted parameters. https://lnkd.in/dwfZQzE View in LinkedIn

THE ISSUE OF PATTERN MEMORY. “Morphogen models described by diffusion-reaction dynamics unfold with no “memory” of the system state other than the current state. The neural model, however, is a sensory feedback system in which the current secretion depends on sensing the history of the pattern before the current state.” https://lnkd.in/dwfZQzE View in LinkedIn

NEURAL MODELS. “Also, as the neural models are more general, they can generate a wider variety of patterns than can diffusible morphogen models. One other difference is fundamental.” https://lnkd.in/dwfZQzE View in LinkedIn