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DRIVERS OF NEW CHEMISTRY. “Recent simultaneous observations of a strong increase of solar protons and the global NOx concentration in the atmosphere have clearly established the causal relationship between the solar proton events and the enhancement of odd nitrogen compounds.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

TIME TO HIT RESET. “A line is just a circle that passes through a point at infinity.” Grant Sanderson on the 3Blue1Brown channel. This video on quaternions should be the gold standard model for all maths teaching, a true work of visualization genius that takes a complex subject and makes it totally engaging. Throw out your children’s maths texts. This is how maths can be taught! https://youtu.be/d4EgbgTm0Bg View in LinkedIn

NOVEL COSMIC CHEMISTRY. “In the middle atmosphere, precipitating energetic particles can significantly affect the chemical processes that are involved in the formation of odd nitrogen compounds.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

SHOCK WAVES FROM THE BEGINNING OF TIME. “We suggest that the GeV signal is generated by an ultra-relativistic outflow that first radiates the prompt MeV-band photons, and then deposits its energy far from the stellar magnetosphere. After a propagation delay, the outflow interacts with environmental gas and produces shock waves that accelerate electrons to very high energies; these electrons then emit GeV γ rays as optically thin synchrotron radiation.” https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-01287-8 View in LinkedIn

THE JOLT THAT MADE HISTORY. “Here, we report the discovery of GeV emission from a magnetar giant flare on 15 April 2020. The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detected GeV γ rays from 19 s until 284 s after the initial detection of a signal in the megaelectronvolt (MeV) band.” https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-01287-8 View in LinkedIn

FORCES WE DO NOT KNOW. “Magnetars are the most highly magnetized neutron stars in the cosmos (with magnetic field 10(13)–10(15) G). Giant flares from magnetars are rare, short-duration (about 0.1 s) bursts of hard X-rays and soft γ rays. Owing to the limited sensitivity and energy coverage of previous telescopes, no magnetar giant flare has been detected at gigaelectronvolt (GeV) energies.” https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-01287-8 View in LinkedIn

ENERGY OUTFLOW. “Changes in the amount of energy radiated away from Earth can be associated with the varying amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide, methane, CFCs, or ozone. The surface properties are also important for the reflected radiation, as the albedos for ice cover, vegetation, and soil are quite different.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

CONNECTEDNESS. “Any change in the balance between incident and outgoing radiation can have an effect on the climate. Changes in the incoming energy may be associated with changes in cloudiness, amount of volcanic dust in the atmosphere, and amounts of either natural or anthropogenic origin aerosols.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn