Category: Uncategorized

SOLAR NITROGEN CHEMISTRY. “The effects caused by these short-lived solar proton events can last for months in the atmosphere. Similarly, relativistic electrons from the magnetosphere affect the nitrogen chemistry at somewhat higher altitudes (50–100 km).” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

PARTICLE SHIELD. “The global cloud coverage anomalies are correlated with the mean values of the galactic cosmic ray flux, which is modulated by the solar cycle as the stronger solar wind pressure during solar maximum tends to decrease the amount of anomalous cosmic rays that can reach the inner solar system.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

SOLAR CYCLE. “There is experimental evidence that the global temperature variations are correlated with a number of space physic parameters: the long term temperature anomaly follows the filtered solar cycle length, which is a measure of the intensity of the solar cycle.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

ENERGY OUTFLOW. “Changes in the amount of energy radiated away from Earth can be associated with the varying amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide, methane, CFCs, or ozone. The surface properties are also important for the reflected radiation, as the albedos for ice cover, vegetation, and soil are quite different.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

CONNECTEDNESS. “Any change in the balance between incident and outgoing radiation can have an effect on the climate. Changes in the incoming energy may be associated with changes in cloudiness, amount of volcanic dust in the atmosphere, and amounts of either natural or anthropogenic origin aerosols.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

UNDERGROUND PIPES. “In buried pipelines, geomagnetically induced currents and the associated pipe-to-soil voltages contribute to corrosion and disturb corrosion control surveys and protection systems.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

POWER GRID OUTAGES. “In power grids, these geomagnetically induced currents cause saturation of transformers, which tends to distort and increase the excitation current. The excitation current in turn induces harmonics in the electricity, unwanted relay trippings, large reactive power consumption, or voltage fluctuations, which can lead to black-outs or to permanent damage of transformers.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

“SPACE WEATHER effects are seen even on ground, as strong currents in the ionosphere can induce currents in long baseline conductor systems on ground. Affected systems include electric power transmission networks, oil and gas pipelines, telecommunication cables and railways systems.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn