linkedin post 2021-01-31 05:20:22

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SO ENDS this second and last weekend on modular metabolism. This is a particularly insightful article on the topic and is worth a careful read. Even in the nonliving world, the laws of geometry and physics impose modularity and fractal repeats at different scales. Remember when you are flying over mountainous countryside and see periodicity in the watershed patterns? Or the repetitive circular motifs in astronomical bodies and motions? And so it goes on: modularity, it seems, is deeply embedded in Nature. View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2021-01-31 05:11:48

linkedin post 2021-01-31 05:11:48

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PARADIGM SHIFT. “Cell biology is in transition from a science that was preoccupied with assigning functions to individual proteins or genes, to one that is now trying to cope with the complex sets of molecules that interact to form functional modules.” https://www.nature.com/articles/35011540 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2021-01-31 05:10:53

linkedin post 2021-01-31 05:10:53

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TWO LEVELS OF SELECTION. “It is thus important to consider the function of modules not only in the context of an organism, but also from the point of view of the population of organisms, and to ask how modular construction facilitates the maintenance and selection of diversity.” https://www.nature.com/articles/35011540 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2021-01-31 05:09:16

linkedin post 2021-01-31 05:09:16

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GENE POOL DIVERSITY. “Diversification can be achieved by epigenetic mechanisms that enable a single genotype to produce more than one phenotype, by genetic mechanisms that maintain multiple genotypes in a population, and by speciation, which splits a single gene pool into two independently evolving pools.” https://www.nature.com/articles/35011540 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2021-02-02 04:53:11

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“PLASMA is also quite common in our solar system and present in the interplanetary space or even trapped within the self-generated magnetic fields of several planets. Plasma in the interplanetary space originates primarily from the Sun from where it escapes due to its high pressure, forming the solar wind. The solar wind can interact with the magnetic fields of many planets.” https://lnkd.in/dVhpP9H View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2021-02-02 04:49:10

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EXOTIC MATTER. “Beside the commonly known states of matter - the solid, liquid and gaseous phase - there exist more exotic states. One is the plasma state. This is a gas that does not consist only out of neutral particles, but also to a large fraction out of ions and electrons. On earth plasmas can be found in lightning discharges as well as in the ionosphere. They have technological applications in plasma displays and experimental fusion reactors. Since stars also consist of plasma, most of the visible universe is in this state of matter.” https://lnkd.in/dVhpP9H View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2021-02-01 05:20:06

linkedin post 2021-02-01 05:20:06

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NOVEL DEVICES IN BIOLOGY. “Other aspects of functional modules are less familiar to engineers. Several can be subsumed under the idea that the rules for a module's function are rigidly encoded in the structures of its proteins, but produce messy, probabilistic intermediates that are then refined to give unique solutions. This principle seems to hold across an enormous range of scales, from the folding of protein molecules to the evolution of organisms.” https://www.nature.com/articles/35011540 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2021-02-01 05:18:44

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THE MAGNETOSPHERE OF VENUS. “The the solar wind magnetic field lines are "folded" around Venus, so the plasma flow is directed around the planet. Depending on the balance between internal pressure (exerted by ionospheric plasma) and external pressure (exerted by solar wind plasma), the positions of ionopause and magnetopause vary in altitude.” https://lnkd.in/dVhpP9H View in LinkedIn
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