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ENTROPY. “Furthermore, even if the infinity is tamed, the mysterious dependence of information on surface area must be somehow accommodated.” https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

FLAW OF STRING. “Superstring theory also embraces an infinite number of degrees of freedom. Holography restricts the number of degrees of freedom that can be present inside a bounding surface to a finite number; field theory with its infinity cannot be the final story.” https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

HOLOGRAPHIC PRINCIPLE. “And with it comes a realization that the fundamental belief, prevalent for 50 years, that field theory is the ultimate language of physics must give way. Fields, such as the electromagnetic field, vary continuously from point to point, and they thereby describe an infinity of degrees of freedom.” https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

“RESEARCHERS HAVE proposed many other entropy bounds. The proliferation of variations on the holographic motif makes it clear that the subject has not yet reached the status of physical law. But although the holographic way of thinking is not yet fully understood, it seems to be here to stay.” https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

THE HOLOGRAPHIC UNIVERSE. “The entropy of a region uniformly filled with matter and radiation is truly proportional to its volume. A sufficiently large region will therefore violate the holographic bound.” https://lnkd.in/draqjTW View in LinkedIn

DOWNSIZING. “Observational studies have revealed a ‘downsizing’ trend in black hole (BH) growth: the number densities of luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN) peak at higher redshifts than those of faint AGN. This would seem to imply that massive BHs formed before low-mass BHs, in apparent contradiction to hierarchical clustering scenarios.” https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn

WE START a new paper on the Origin of the antihierarchical growth of black holes, by an international group of collaborators. These important observations about black holes will conclude this lengthy section of black holes and we will transition into how black hokes make white holes, and their properties. https://lnkd.in/d9JV8md View in LinkedIn

COEVOLUTION OF LANGUAGE AND MATHS. “I will show in this essay that the origin of verbal language and mathematics depend on each other. We will explore the notion that mathematics is part of an evolutionary chain of six languages. One does not ordinarily think of computing and the Internet as languages but I will demonstrate that speech, writing, mathematics, science, computing and the Internet form an evolutionary chain of six languages.” https://lnkd.in/dq9dXxs View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE features for this and next weekend an excellent article by media ecologist and MIT-educated physicist Robert K. Logan, on the relationship between mathematics and language. His very original hypothesis runs counter to traditional thinking on the topic, and suggests that they are very intimately related in unexpected ways. https://lnkd.in/dKUCtJu View in LinkedIn

An extraordinarily flavorful and supremely ripe French cheese being prevented from galloping off the table. View in LinkedIn