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GENEALOGY PLAYERS. “It is expected that galaxy-scale winds, triggered by the large amount of energy released in the BH accretion process, play a crucial role in regulating the BH-host galaxy co-evolution, shaping the SFH and BH accretion history itself.” ( BH = black hole; SFH = star-formation histories). https://lnkd.in/dHcpNrnR View in LinkedIn

EARLY IMPORTANCE. “The submm galaxies generate a significant fraction of the energy output of all the galaxies in the early Universe.” (Submm = submillimeter). https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

COSMIC TIME SCALES. “The rapid enrichment by metals and dust at very high redshift discussed above suggests that quasar host galaxies could have undergone intense episodes of star formation. Similar chemical abundances are typically found in local galaxies which, however, evolved on longer time scales.” https://lnkd.in/dHcpNrnR View in LinkedIn

SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES. “A cosmologically significant population of very luminous high-redshift galaxies has recently been discovered at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths.” https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

“THE POWER SOURCE for dusty galaxies. About 99% of the energy released by galaxies in the submm and far-IR wavebands is produced by thermal emission from dust grains; the remainder comes from fine-structure atomic and molecular rotational line emission. However, the source of the energy to power this emission by heating dust is often unclear.” (IR = infrared; Submm == submillimeter wavelengths). https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

HIGH ENERGY SOURCES. “The first extragalactic submm/mm surveys using SCUBA and MAMBO revealed a population of very luminous high-redshift galaxies, which as a population, were responsible for the release of a significant fraction of the energy generated by all galaxies over the history of the Universe.” (Submm == submillimeter wavelengths). https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

CHALLENGING WAVELENGTHS. “With the possible exception of the hardest X-ray wavebands, studies of distant galaxies in the submm waveband remained elusive for the longest period.” The many reasons for this difficulty are discussed. (Submm == submillimeter wavelengths). https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

CLEAR SEPARATION. “The detection of submm radiation from distant galaxies is one of the most recent developments in observational cosmology, and has finally brought this region of the electromagnetic spectrum into use for making cosmological observations not directly connected with the cosmic microwave background (CMB).” (Submm == submillimeter wavelengths). https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

NOVEL TERRITORY. “This review discusses the results of a new type of direct observation of the galaxy formation process, made possible by the development of powerful new radiation detectors sensitive to wavelengths in the range 200 µm to about 1 mm: the submillimeter (submm) waveband.” (Submm == submillimeter wavelengths). https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

STELLAR ELEMENT FACTORIES. “When hydrogen is processed in stellar nucleosynthesis, the mass-energy conversion efficiency is about 0.007 *, where * ( 0.4) is the fraction of hydrogen burned in high-mass stars. When mass is accreted onto a black hole, the mass-energy conversion efficiency is expected to be about 0.1 BH, with BH ~ 1 with the definition above.” https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn