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SO ENDS this first of two weekends on a groundbreaking paper suggesting that life is a continuum rather than all or nothing. This is compatible with the origin of life from inert chemicals, which surely was a gradual process rather than Frankenstein’s life-giving jolt of electricity. It also solves the embarrassing dilemma that biology has no consensus definition for life and has adopted numerous ridiculous positions. After the inevitable resistance and the bilious outrage is over, this will become the new paradigm in biology. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-019-02356-w View in LinkedIn

BACTERIAL RANKING. “Their lower ranking in metabolism and proteins/catalysis (dimensions A and B) may be attributable to a narrower range of metabolic activities compared to bacteria. Similar comments could apply to their cellular/structural features (dimension C). Their abilities of interaction are also lower than those of “bacteria”, which makes sense especially when it comes to interactions with higher organisms (dimensions E and F); however, it is more delicate to interpret in the case of environmental interactions (dimension D).” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-019-02356-w View in LinkedIn

RANKING LIFE. “Note that “viruses” rank quite high in terms of genetics (dimension H), and, interestingly, in terms of cellular/structural features (dimension C), which may relate to their capsids and other structures. “Archaea” have a fairly similar pattern to “bacteria”, but rank lower overall along most themes, despite intuitions that they would be as alive as bacteria.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-019-02356-w View in LinkedIn

DEGREES OF LIFE. “In this sense, viruses can be said to be more alive than bacteria along those functional dimensions. But “viruses” also rank lower than “bacteria” on all other dimensions, most notably on metabolism and proteins/catalysis (dimensions A and B) and environment interactions (dimension D), which is in line with the general characterization of viruses as lacking metabolism and being incapable of making a living by themselves.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-019-02356-w View in LinkedIn

THE THESIS. “Being alive is a matter of degrees. The origination of life is a matter of degrees.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-019-02356-w View in LinkedIn

UNDERPINNING #3. “The numbers of particles and antiparticles produced by the Big Bang must be identical, which is the basis of the baryon conservation law. The fact that there are rare traces of antiparticles in our Universe violates this law and suggests the occurrence of symmetry breaking accompanied with the Big Bang.” https://lnkd.in/df-X8h2E View in LinkedIn

UNDERPINNING #2. “The Big Bang Theory is the ultimate explanation of the creation of our Universe. The theory is supported by the standard model which is supported by all recent fundamental discoveries in Particle Physics.” https://lnkd.in/df-X8h2E View in LinkedIn

UNDERPINNING #1. “Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence principle is true. Which means that mass can be fully converted into energy and energy can be fully converted into mass. This fact has found over the years wide experimental proofs.” https://lnkd.in/df-X8h2E View in LinkedIn

THE UNDERPINNINGS. “Modern particle physics was established on the following well known fundamental concepts.” (To follow). https://lnkd.in/df-X8h2E View in LinkedIn

SPACE ENGINES. “The idea is to store a tiny amount (few micrograms) of antimatter (say antihydrogen) in electromagnetic controlled cavity and allows part of it to mix with a huge amount of stored matter (say hydrogen, deuterium, tritium or helium gas). The resulting annihilation energy could be stored and used as a fuel for space shuttle engines.” https://lnkd.in/df-X8h2E View in LinkedIn