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DYNAMIC SOLUTES. “Calcium and magnesium are the dominant exchangeable cations in most soils with a neutral or alkaline reaction. Rainwater dilutes the soil solution, but at the same time it adds appreciable amounts of cations.” https://lnkd.in/ete8CApd View in LinkedIn

QUANTA CONCEPT. “In 1900, while studying black-body radiation, the German physicist Max Planck (23 April 1858–4 October 1947, Nobel Prize in Physics 1918) (Figure 2) suggested that the energy carried by electromagnetic waves could only be released in “packets” of energy.” https://lnkd.in/eDZvjevE View in LinkedIn

CATION EXCHANGES. “The cations of the soluble salts in saline soils occupy the exchange positions of the clay minerals and modify or prevent development of soil profiles, particularly with regard to the movement of clay. Sodium in exchange positions may cause a flocculated, jellylike mass of clay similar to a sodium bentonite when wet.” https://lnkd.in/ete8CApd View in LinkedIn

THE SEED. “In 1887, the German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (22 February 1857–1 January 1894) (Figure 1) found that electrodes irradiated with ultraviolet light created electric sparks more easily.” https://lnkd.in/eDZvjevE View in LinkedIn

SEASONAL SOLUTIONS. “The mean pH of the entire network shows a distinct annual cycle, the acidity being greatest in winter and the alkalinity greatest in late spring. These facts are of considerable geochemical significance because the pH values characterize the reaction of the water that is leaching rocks and soils in Scandinavia.” https://lnkd.in/ete8CApd View in LinkedIn

A wonderful series of unrealated afterthoughts written in a wall in Girona. View in LinkedIn

ORGANICS. “Nitrogenous compounds are always present in the atmosphere and are carried down in rainwater.” https://lnkd.in/ete8CApd View in LinkedIn

METATHESIS. “When chemical reactions occur between species in an aqueous solution, the reactions are usually double displacement (also called metathesis or double replacement) reactions. In this type of reaction, the cation from one reactant takes the place for the cation in the other reactant, typically forming an ionic bond. Another way to think of it is that the reactant ions "switch partners".” https://lnkd.in/ei8-eG5H View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this second weekend featuring the transformations of rocks by aqueous geologic processes, making classifying rocks frustrating and not easy. The reason is that they are an almost infinite variety of gradients and types of mixtures, mostly from the effects of large scale aqueous chemistry, and high temperatures and pressures. Add tectonics that thrust Everest from the seabed, and you see how dynamic and transitory the landscape is. View in LinkedIn

EXAMPLES. “On this basis, metamorphic rocks can be categorized as foliated or non-foliated. For example, slate is a foliated metamorphic rock, originating from shale. Slate is very fine-grained, phyllite is coarse, schist is coarser, and gneiss is very coarse-grained. Marble is generally not foliated, allowing it to be used for sculpture and architecture.” https://lnkd.in/eSpeQsqS View in LinkedIn