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NEONATAL IMMUNITY NEEDS VAGINAL BACTERIA. "Gut colonization by microbes is delayed in C-sectioned babies, which may explain in part why these infants have a harder time fighting off infections. Immediately after birth, the establishment of gut bacteria can affect the development of the immune system." http://lnkd.in/dvakg-E View in LinkedIn

C-SECTION RATE VARIES WIDELY. "Doctors may be performing them based more out of habit, training, expediency or worry about lawsuits than out of medical necessity ... In Texas ... 15% of births at El Paso's University Medical Center are C-sections; four miles away, at Sierra Medical Center, the rate is more than double that at 37%." http://lnkd.in/d4Kyvtg View in LinkedIn

ANTIBIOTICS IN PREGNANCY. "Low birth weight (LBW) has been associated with common adult-onset chronic diseases, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes and some cancers. The etiology of LBW is multi-factorial. However, recent evidence suggests exposure to antibiotics may also increase the risk of LBW." http://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/v37/n7/full/ijo201347a.html View in LinkedIn

CONVENIENCE OF C-SECTIONS. "Pregnant women are increasingly choosing to have their babies by Caesarean section. Statistics reveal that as many as one in ten of these surgical procedures performed in NHS hospitals are done not so much for medical reasons as simply for the mother's convenience." And for the medical staff also. http://lnkd.in/dN9MAer View in LinkedIn

MATERNAL ANTIBIOTICS AFFECT THE FETUS: "antibiotics given in labour increased the incidence of late-onset serious bacterial infections in infants." Increasingly, probiotics are being advocated for pregnancy. http://lnkd.in/d_7QzAj View in LinkedIn

UK RECOMMENDATIONS IGNORED ON C-SECTIONS. "In some hospitals, more than half of those who have the operation have it before the 39th week of their pregnancy, in contravention of official NHS guidelines. But a report out by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists ... reveals that the procedure is carried out before 39 weeks in 37% of such births in England and as many as 52.5% in some hospitals. http://lnkd.in/d6nPNQE View in LinkedIn

ANTIBIOTICS ARE TOP DRUG USED IN PREGNANCY. ""Antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed compound during pregnancy." http://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/v37/n7/full/ijo201347a.html View in LinkedIn

NICE C-SECTION (2013), from UK's National Health Service body NICE, driven by evidence-based medicine. This guideline emphasizes the use of C-sections for only legitimate medical reasons, rather than for elective convenience, where mental health counseling is recommended. http://lnkd.in/dV3m7zp View in LinkedIn

RISE IN ANTIBIOTIC USE IN PREGNANCY. "Over the past 30 years, first-trimester use of prescription drugs increased >60%. In 2010, 94% of pregnant women took at least one medication during pregnancy, and 82% did so in the first trimester; among these medications, antibiotics were within the top 20 most frequently used." http://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/v37/n7/full/ijo201347a.html View in LinkedIn

FETAL EXPOSURE TO ANTIBIOTICS. "Early in utero exposures can lead to altered organogenesis and fetal development. Antibiotics, including penicillins, nitrofurans, and cephalosporins, are commonly prescribed for a wide range of ailments during the periconceptional and prenatal periods." http://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/v37/n7/full/ijo201347a.html View in LinkedIn