Category: Uncategorized

WEAK ANALOGY. "Analogies are neither true nor false, instead they come in degrees from near identity to extreme dissimilarity." Example: "Banning automobiles would be economically and socially disruptive in a way that banning a single pesticide would not." http://www.fallacyfiles.org/wanalogy.html View in LinkedIn

SPECIAL PLEADING. "People often attempt to apply a "double standard", which makes an exception to the rule for themselves—or people like them—but applies it to others." http://lnkd.in/d_pzVEd View in LinkedIn

CARD STACKING. "A one-sided case presents only evidence favoring its conclusion, and ignores or downplays the evidence against it." http://www.fallacyfiles.org/inforfal.html View in LinkedIn

NON CAUSA PRO CAUSA. "Inferring that something is the cause of something else when it isn't." http://www.fallacyfiles.org/noncause.html View in LinkedIn

BLACK OR WHITE FALLACY. "Fatalism is not the alternative to superstition; it is an alternative. " http://www.fallacyfiles.org/eitheror.html View in LinkedIn

RED HERRING FALLACY or "ignorance of refutation" ... a "red herring" argument is one which distracts the audience from the issue in question through the introduction of some irrelevancy. This frequently occurs during debates when there is an at least implicit topic, yet it is easy to lose track of it." http://lnkd.in/dkHCPaU View in LinkedIn

STIFLED FACTS. "Tobacco companies funded epidemiological and biological research that was designed to support claims that secondhand smoke posed little or no harm. Unfavorable research results also were suppressed by the tobacco industry." http://lnkd.in/dGPqGEu View in LinkedIn

CIRCULAR ARGUMENT, or begging the question. "Circular arguments are technically valid―that is, if their premisses are true then their conclusions must also be true. However, as should be obvious, circular reasoning cannot advance knowledge, since it ends up in the same place it started." http://www.fallacyfiles.org/begquest.html View in LinkedIn

ABUNDANT EVIDENCE. "After combing through nearly 50 million pages of previously secret, internal tobacco-industry documents, UC Davis and UC San Francisco researchers say they have documented for the first time how the industry funded and used scientific studies to undermine evidence linking secondhand smoke to cardiovascular disease." http://lnkd.in/dGPqGEu View in LinkedIn

STRAW MAN ARGUMENT. "In a straw man argument, the arguer misrepresents the argument of another participant in the dialogue. Thus, straw man arguments can only occur within the context of such a debate." http://www.fallacyfiles.org/inforfal.html View in LinkedIn