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DIFFERENT METABOLISM. "At the molecular level, the responses of microorganisms that are not high-pressure adapted to elevated pressures have revealed fundamental differences in cellular metabolism and regulatory processes as compared to microorganisms that specifically thrive under elevated pressures (piezophiles)." https://lnkd.in/d4AhBiy View in LinkedIn

PRESSURE SENSITIVE AMINO ACIDS. "Deep-sea microbes preserve membrane functionality at high pressure and low temperature by increasing the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in their lipids ... A proline to glycine substitution in staphylococcal nuclease which both increased the stability of the protein to elevated pressure as well as decreased chain mobility." https://lnkd.in/d45ecD4 View in LinkedIn

BEYOND THE LIMIT. "The combined effect of pressure and temperature on the phase state of a membrane from a deep-sea bacterium existing at 100 MPa and 2 °C is equivalent to an identical membrane at atmospheric pressure and -18 °C (lower than the low temperature limit for life)." https://lnkd.in/dvfGnsZ View in LinkedIn

REAL EXTREMOPHILES. "The most extreme hyperpiezophiles can tolerate pressures up to 130 MPa, or 1,300 x atmospheric! In the deep ocean, temperatures range from near freezing (2-3 ºC) to piping hot (> 400 ºC near hydrothermal vents)." https://lnkd.in/dJg6Ndj View in LinkedIn

PRESSURE KILLS MOST CELLS. "Studies have been undertaken using the moderately piezotolerant Escherichia coli, where it has been found that pressures higher than 10 MPa inhibit motility; 20-50 MPa, cell division; 50 MPa, DNA replication; 58 MPa, protein synthesis; and 77 MPa, RNA synthesis." https://lnkd.in/dvfGnsZ View in LinkedIn

8,350 M DEEP BACTERIAL PIEZOPHILES have been isolated, living at the equivalent of 27,395 feet, or 2,000 short of Everest, and likely in 30-60 MPa of pressure. https://lnkd.in/dEPdz_u View in LinkedIn

HOT AND COLD. "Chemosynthetic communities of microorganisms, often associated with invertebrate hosts, exist in the deep sea at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. Hydrothermal vents are fissures in the ocean floor that leak hot, acidic water. Cold seeps are additional sites of fluid release from the seafloor that are frequently present along the borders of continental plates." https://lnkd.in/d4AhBiy View in LinkedIn

SEVERE PRESSURE TRENCHES. "Terrestrial habitats with pressures of one atmosphere or lower account for

PIEZOPHILES AND THERMOPEIZOPHILES. "Piezophiles are organisms that have the ability to grow at pressures higher than normal atmospheric pressure ... thermopeizophiles grow in high temperatures and pressure while psychropeizophiles grow in low temperatures and high pressure." https://lnkd.in/dFvvrKf View in LinkedIn

PRESSURE IS A UNIQUE CHALLENGE. "Changes in hydrostatic pressure perturb the volume of a system without changing its internal energy (as occurs with temperature), or its solvent composition (as occurs with pH and osmolarity changes). Thus, pressure is both a unique and a fundamental thermodynamic parameter." https://lnkd.in/dvfGnsZ View in LinkedIn