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"BONE is piezoelectric and therefore capable of transforming mechanical forces into an electrical signal. Dental enamel is not piezoelectric. Dentine is piezoelectric, but the strength of the effect in comparison to bone has not been measured." https://lnkd.in/eqJueMN View in LinkedIn

IONIC SWITCHES. "Ion channels are the macromolecular components of the membranes of nerve and muscle cells responsible for impulse conduction. Embedded into the phospholipid bilayer bounding the cell, these large glycoprotein molecules act as voltage-dependent switches." https://lnkd.in/eBe5QYb View in LinkedIn

WHAT FUNCTION does tooth piezoelectricity serve? The literature is almost completely silent on endogenous clinical effects of these small currents. https://lnkd.in/eqJueMN View in LinkedIn

SMART BIOMATERIALS. "In 1955, Fukada experimentally verified the piezoelectric coefficients of wood and demonstrated that oriented cellulose crystallites were responsible for the observed shear piezoelectricity." https://lnkd.in/eKk_wMN View in LinkedIn

MECHANICALLY STRESSED connective tissue generates electric potentials, in bone and teeth, attributed to the "electrokinetic" or "streaming effect". It is thought that these electrical signals couple to biochemical pathways. https://lnkd.in/evD9AeS View in LinkedIn

SMART BIOMATERIALS. "The discovery of an electromechanical coupling effect in wood dates back to 1950 when Bazhenov reported a piezoelectric response in wood." https://lnkd.in/eKk_wMN View in LinkedIn

"BIOELECTRIC responses (piezoelectricity and streaming potentials) propagated by bone bending incident to orthodontic force application might function as pivotal cellular first messengers." https://lnkd.in/eFXVUKn View in LinkedIn

DENTAL PIEZO. Does biting generate a piezoelectric current in the tooth root? Do braces cause piezoelectric currents? https://lnkd.in/eFXVUKn View in LinkedIn

TEETH resemble the structure of shell and bone crystalline structures, of mineral combined with protein fibers, accounting for their remarkable strength. The chemistry behind these composites is deeply complex, as outlined in this thorough review. A primer for the piezoelectric effect found in teeth. https://lnkd.in/eerDdxj View in LinkedIn

BITTERN. Image from https://lnkd.in/ea-fEFr. View in LinkedIn