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SEROTONIN synthesis by gut epithelial cells is directed by clostridium bacteria in the gut by turning on a key synthetic enzyme. This fact is of key importance. https://lnkd.in/ewRPBbf View in LinkedIn

THE EMPEROR. "Mice and other model organisms with changes in the gut microbes exhibit altered behaviors" in large part due to changes in serotonin. https://lnkd.in/ewRPBbf View in LinkedIn

BIOME AND BEHAVIOR. The normal gut microbiota affects host brain development, behavior and cognitive functions of the host. This is no small achievement. https://lnkd.in/e5aynPh View in LinkedIn

NEXT WEEKEND this fragment from nature theme will continue to explore the remarkable relationship between our gut Microbiome and our health and disease. This represents a massive and recent sea-change in our perspectives on health. View in LinkedIn

BIOME AND DISEASE. The brain influences the microbiome, just as the microbiome influences the brain. The microbiome has also been implicated in a variety of CNS and affective disorders including multiple sclerosis, depression, anxiety, stress, and autism, quite apart from other diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. https://lnkd.in/eagiGTJ View in LinkedIn

BIOME AND OBESITY. Mice lacking the toll-like receptor TLR5 became obese and developed altered gut microbiota, hyperphagia, insulin resistance, and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Fecal pellets from these TLR5 knockout mice, when fed to wild type mice, induced the same phenotype. https://lnkd.in/eknVNSM View in LinkedIn

DYSBIOSIS. "However...alterations in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, can influence the development and progress of metabolic and neurological disorders." https://lnkd.in/eE5cSys View in LinkedIn

LANDMARK PAPER by Backhed et al. Genetically predisposed obese mice remained lean when raised in germ-free conditions without a microbiota. Fecal transplants of mouse feces from normal obese mice into these germ-free mice induced obesity. Inoculation of obese human feces into these germ-free mice produced the same outcome. https://lnkd.in/eGCSdvJ View in LinkedIn

A KEY TO HEALTH. "The human gut microbiota contains more than 100 trillion bacteria that, under normal physiological conditions, have beneficial symbiotic interactions with the host." https://lnkd.in/eE5cSys View in LinkedIn

SMART BUGS. "Microbes produce a variety of neurochemicals that are exact analogs of mammalian hormones involved in mood and behavior. More than 50% of the dopamine and the vast majority of the body's serotonin have intestinal sources." https://lnkd.in/es44Vig View in LinkedIn