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DEEP SYMBIOSIS. The enteric nervous system is the target of numerous bacterial metabolites that act on the sympathetic nervous system, serotonin release, memory, the learning process, and even host behavior. A pretty complete list of what defines being human. https://lnkd.in/emBK9UZ View in LinkedIn

CENTRAL HIGHWAY. "Microbiota communication with the brain involves the vagus nerve." The vagus is the information super-highway between the gastrointestinal system and the central nervous system. The microbiota have hacked this otherwise secure communication system in their long symbiosis with us. https://lnkd.in/emBK9UZ View in LinkedIn

BIOME AND NORMAL DEVELOPMENT. "Bacterial colonization of the gut is central to the development and maturation of both the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system." Some pathologies in animals raised in germ-free conditions can be reversed by adding a normal microbiota. https://lnkd.in/emBK9UZ View in LinkedIn

MICROBIOTA AND THE GBA. The gut-brain axis (GBA) is central to a number of clinical conditions: hepatic encephalopathy (presenting with word salad) improves with oral antibiotics; autism severity is correlated with microbiota changes; some mood disorders are linked to GBA changes; irritable bowel syndrome is largely microbiota-driven. Etc. https://lnkd.in/emBK9UZ View in LinkedIn

CROSSTALK. In addition to the gut-brain neural access, the gut microbiota is a central player in this crosstalk. https://lnkd.in/emBK9UZ View in LinkedIn

GUT-BRAIN CROSSTALK. "A complex communication system that not only ensures the proper maintenance of gastrointestinal homeostasis, but is likely to have multiple effects on affect, motivation, and higher cognitive functions." https://lnkd.in/emBK9UZ View in LinkedIn

BIOME INFLUENCE ON BRAIN. "There is evidence that certain bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract may influence brain function and behavior." https://lnkd.in/eDFWAiD View in LinkedIn

BRAIN INFLUENCE ON BIOME. "The brain can influence gut microbiota via changes in gastrointestinal motility, secretion, and permeability and via signaling molecules released into the gut lumen." https://lnkd.in/eDFWAiD View in LinkedIn

PROBIOTICS. "Countless studies have also shown that probiotics perform a wide variety of healthy functions, including improved digestion, regularity and immune system functioning." https://lnkd.in/epqA-dt View in LinkedIn

IMPORTANT NEUROTRANSMITTERS. "More than 90% of the body's serotonin lies in the gut, as well as about 50% of the body's dopamine." This is a key fact. https://lnkd.in/e6njbZV View in LinkedIn