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"D-AMINO ACIDS in peptides are well known as opioid peptides and neuropeptides. In protein, D-aspartate residues increase during aging." https://lnkd.in/e7QJSwN View in LinkedIn

"FREE D-ASPARTATE and D-serine are present and may have important functions in mammals." https://lnkd.in/e7QJSwN View in LinkedIn

NEW MARKERS. "D-Ser and D-Ala bind to the glycine site of NMDA receptors in the central nervous system. Both D-Ser and D-Ala are noted as novel candidate biomarkers of neuronal diseases, and novel therapies focusing on these two D-amino acids are also expected." https://lnkd.in/e7enTMS View in LinkedIn

FROG D-AMINO ACIDS. "Dermorphine was the first D-amino acid-containing peptide isolated from the skin of a frog; it is provided with an analgesic activity a thousand times greater than that of morphine." https://lnkd.in/eVWBM_B View in LinkedIn

ANIMAL D-AMINO ACIDS. "The first reports on D-amino acids in animal tissues were restricted to amphibians and invertebrates." https://lnkd.in/eVWBM_B View in LinkedIn

RECENT FINDING. "D-amino acids were recently found in various living higher organisms in the form of free amino acids, peptides, and proteins." https://lnkd.in/e7QJSwN View in LinkedIn

NMDA RECEPTORS. "These D-amino acids are now revealed as a modulator of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors (D-Ser), and a regulator of melatonin secretion (D-Asp)." https://lnkd.in/e7enTMS View in LinkedIn

D-SERINE SOURCE. "The source of D-serine in the urine is unknown, but there are at least three possibilities: the diet, microbial production and endogenous L-serine racemization." https://lnkd.in/eMbE2Rk View in LinkedIn

"IN MAMMALS, incredibly high amounts of free D-amino acids were found in specific cases; e.g., D-Ser in the cerebrum (30% of the L-Ser) and D-Asp in the pineal gland (almost the same as or higher than L-Asp)." https://lnkd.in/e7enTMS View in LinkedIn

ADVANTAGE. The uropathogenic E. Coli strain has a competitive growth advantage when metabolizing this amino acid, which is toxic to non pathogenic strains. https://lnkd.in/eMbE2Rk View in LinkedIn