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THERAPEUTIC TARGET. "Inappropriate apoptosis (either too little or too much) is a factor in many human conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic damage, autoimmune disorders and many types of cancer. The ability to modulate the life or death of a cell is recognized for its immense therapeutic potential." https://lnkd.in/eFmC7Ys View in LinkedIn

DOWNSTREAM ERRORS. "An increase in apoptosis or a decreased ability to carry out anti-apoptosis is a prominent part of many diseases such as Alzheimer`s and Parkinson`s as well a number of pathophysiological processes such as ischemic strokes and heart attacks." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167488910002764 View in LinkedIn

ELEVATED ANTI-APOPTOSIS. "Disregulated apoptosis is involved in pathophysiologies of numerous diseases and disease processes. Cancer and auto-immune diseases are the classical examples but not the only diseases where anti-apoptosis is increased." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167488910002764 View in LinkedIn

CELL DEATH BACKFIRING. "Abnormalities in cell death regulation can be a significant component of diseases. Tumor cells can acquire resistance to apoptosis by the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 or by the down-regulation or mutation of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax." https://lnkd.in/eFmC7Ys View in LinkedIn

BALANCING ACT. "The balance between cell proliferation, differentiation and death is strictly regulated during development. Genetic or epigenetic disruption of this balance has severe consequences, including both degenerative and hyper-proliferative diseases." https://lnkd.in/eq8cbHC View in LinkedIn

DEATH ENZYMES. "Caspases are constitutively present in cells as inactive zymogens with variable-length amino-terminal prodomains. Caspases themselves have caspase cleavage sites separating each domain, and activation of the pro-caspases requires proteolysis at these sites." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0177(200005)218:1%3C68::AID-DVDY6%3E3.0.CO;2-9/full View in LinkedIn

EXECUTIONERS. "Apoptosis is mediated by the activation of a specific class of proteases known as caspases. This name reflects the conserved cysteine in the active site and the requirement for an aspartic acid at the cleavage site of their target proteins." https://lnkd.in/eKW9GDr View in LinkedIn

CENTRAL ROLE OF MITOCHONDRIA. "These later examples...clearly demonstrates the central role of the mitochondria in the highly regulated and complex process of many forms of programmed cell death. The activation of the mitochondrial pathway can also occur following the activation of the extrinsic pathway." https://lnkd.in/ekVSuhr View in LinkedIn

FIXING BAD GENES. "The main effect of Muller’s ratchet is the accumulation of slightly deleterious mutations, despite the fact that selection opposes their fixation in the population. Such mutation accumulation can sometimes lead to eventual extinction. This occurs if: recombination is absent, population size is finite, almost no back mutations occur, slightly deleterious mutation rates are high and purifying selection is too weak to remove all new deleterious mutations." https://lnkd.in/eAeNG6w View in LinkedIn

CELL DEATH COORDINATOR. "In many cases, apoptotic signals are transmitted to mitochondria, which act as integrators of cell death because both effector and regulatory molecules converge at this organelle." The mitochondria was of bacterial origin and is semi-autonomous. https://lnkd.in/eXVxDrY View in LinkedIn