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LBS Healthcare Challenge competition. View in LinkedIn

"MASSIVE GENE FLOW across the world's most potent marine biogeographic barrier." https://lnkd.in/eeMRa2M View in LinkedIn

HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER “is far more pervasive and more radical in its consequences than we could have guessed just a decade ago." Earlier this year, Cambridge (UK) scientists, Alistair Crisp and Chiara Boschetti, writing in Genome Biology, identified 145 genes in humans that have crossed the (quite permeable) species “barrier.” Our ABO blood group system appears to have been inherited from bacteria, for example." https://lnkd.in/eTmZGyK View in LinkedIn

TRANSPOSON PROBLEM. "There was a time—just a few decades ago—when scientists believed genes were fixed and evolution was linear. Standard theory of natural selection did not account for the possibility of complex organisms suddenly acquiring genes from other species. But that model began collapsing in the 1970s, when transposons, colloquially known as ‘jumping genes’ were discovered." https://lnkd.in/eTmZGyK View in LinkedIn

INDISTINCT BACTERIAL STRAINS. "In many laboratory notebooks, there are results of tests of a few strains of different species that gave promise of great usefulness in characterizing species, but, after application of these tests to more strains of each species, the great promise dwindled to nothing because we are dealing with spectra of strains or sections of a spectrum, not with compact packages of strains." https://lnkd.in/exx_wqw View in LinkedIn

SPECTRAL SPECIES. "The different kinds of bacteria are not separated by sharp divisions but by slight and subtle differences in characters so that they seem to blend into each other and resemble a spectrum.” https://lnkd.in/exx_wqw View in LinkedIn

SMALL PRINT PROBLEMS. "A species is often defined as a group of individuals that actually or potentially interbreed in nature. In this sense, a species is the biggest gene pool possible under natural conditions. The definition of a species as a group of interbreeding individuals cannot be easily applied to organisms that reproduce only or mainly asexually. Also, many plants, and some animals, form hybrids in nature. Should they be considered the same species or separate species?" https://lnkd.in/e3Bgi6R View in LinkedIn

SPECIATION MYSTERY. "Called the "mystery of mysteries" of Darwin, speciation is still a little understood area of evolution. One of the greatest problems of biology is how a continuous process of evolution can produce the morphologically discontinuous groups known as species...how many genes must change to make a new species?" https://lnkd.in/e5DqiMq View in LinkedIn

THE GNARLY CRUX. "Charles Darwin himself declined to define the concept in his landmark book “On the Origin of Species.” “Darwin, when he proved that species evolved, also proved there was no such thing as species,” said James Mallet, an evolutionary biologist at Harvard University. If organisms are constantly evolving, then drawing a precise dividing line between two different species will necessarily be difficult." https://lnkd.in/eKBjZs5 View in LinkedIn

All scientific papers to be free by 2020 under EU proposals http://gu.com/p/4jzz8?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn