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FIDELITY MEASURES. "During a cell division, genomic instability is minimized by four major mechanisms: high-fidelity DNA replication in S-phase, precise chromosome segregation in mitosis, error free repair of sporadic DNA damage, and a coordinated cell cycle progression." https://lnkd.in/bam9PGn View in LinkedIn

DNA BREAKS can occur in S phase of cell cycle at a rate of ~10 breaks per cell. Not including chemical and radiation forms of DNA damage. https://lnkd.in/eDr47d6 View in LinkedIn

DNA POLYMERASE plus proofreading with 1 error in 10(7) base pairs; plus mismatch repair (MMR) is 1 error in 10(9) base pairs; and with 6 X 10(9) base pairs per human genome this means only ~6 errors in the genome. https://lnkd.in/eDr47d6 View in LinkedIn

DNA POLYMERASE PROOFREADING at 1 error per 10(7) base pairs. With 6 X 10(9) base pairs in the human genome this still means 600 errors. https://lnkd.in/eDr47d6 View in LinkedIn

DNA POLYMERASE copies DNA with an error rate in copying of only 1 error per 10(5) base pairs. But the human genome has 6 X 10(9) base pairs. Thus equivalent to 60,000 errors per genome. How does the cell remedy this lopsided equation? https://lnkd.in/eDr47d6 View in LinkedIn

INTEGRITY OF INHERITANCE. "A fundamental aspect of life lies in maintaining the integrity of the genome, ensuring the correct inheritance of the genetic information." https://lnkd.in/eNytTdX View in LinkedIn

CONSERVED IN EVOLUTION. "Eukaryotes replicate their DNA with remarkable accuracy. This accuracy is achieved through a network of conserved pathways that repair DNA damage and correct DNA polymerase errors." https://lnkd.in/ewJXZkd View in LinkedIn

REPLICATION FIDELITY. "The integrity of the human genome depends on numerous processes that determine the fidelity of DNA replication." https://lnkd.in/euw7dRD View in LinkedIn

PROTEIN BLUEPRINT. "DNA serves as a stable information storage medium and every protein which is needed by the cell is produced from this blueprint via an RNA intermediate code." https://lnkd.in/eJg7ubh View in LinkedIn

POLYMERASE PROOFREADING. A fabulous animation. Show your kids. https://lnkd.in/eknx3VA View in LinkedIn