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GENOME EDITING IS IMPORTANT. "There is growing evidence that natural genome-editing competences of viruses are essential for the evolution of the eukaryotic nucleus, the adaptive immune system and the placental mammals." https://lnkd.in/e-pJFM6 View in LinkedIn

"RIBOSOMAL RNA components are catalytically active in polypeptide synthesis and are of major importance in every living cell." http://jmcb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/31/jmcb.mjr005.full View in LinkedIn

PALINDROMIC PROTECTION. "Microbial cells are protected from viral infections by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats that act together with proteins to cleave single-stranded RNA...These repeats are therefore evolutionarily very old." http://jmcb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/31/jmcb.mjr005.full View in LinkedIn

GENOMIC REGULATORS. "Reverse transcribed repetitive elements regulate genome organization." http://jmcb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/31/jmcb.mjr005.full View in LinkedIn

REVERSE TRANSCRIBED DNA. "A large part of genomic repetitive DNA is reverse transcribed, and plays a major role in the physical structured order of the genome as well as formatting functions for expression, replication, transmission, repair, restructuring, cell division, and differentiation." http://jmcb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/31/jmcb.mjr005.full View in LinkedIn

REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION. Normally, DNA is copied (transcribed) to RNA and then translated to protein. Reverse transcriptase enzymes copy RNA back to DNA. This is reverse transcription. RNA retrovirus, with the main nucleic acid being RNA, must do this to replicate in the host cell. It converts its RNA to the language of the host cell, DNA. Eukaryotes also have reverse transcriptase for a number of functions. https://lnkd.in/ehzihBW View in LinkedIn

SYMBIOTIC JUMPING GENES. "The largest part of complex genomes is represented by repetitive intronic mobile elements, which essentially contribute to evolution and diversification of host genomes and are not selfish or parasitic, but more or less symbiotic." Another huge new concept. http://jmcb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/31/jmcb.mjr005.full View in LinkedIn

GENETIC ECOSYSTEM. "Contrary to the one gene—one protein consensus of the last century, we now know that there are many overlapping genes and dispersed genetic elements which together constitute genetic elements." An important new concept. http://jmcb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/31/jmcb.mjr005.full View in LinkedIn

RETROVIRAL DEFECTIVES. "They do not alter inheritable DNA content but dynamically act on RNA transcripts, although there are some examples in which RNA genome editing may also become conserved status, especially by being reverse transcribed into DNA." http://jmcb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/31/jmcb.mjr005.full View in LinkedIn

INTERACTING MODULES. "If two disease modules overlap, local perturbations causing one disease can disrupt pathways of the other disease module as well, resulting in shared clinical and pathobiological characteristics." http://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6224/1257601 View in LinkedIn