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INTERACTING AGENTS OF INFORMATION CODES. "He found that no natural language speaks itself as no natural code codes itself. In natural languages/codes there are always competent agents that act consortial to use signs in languages/codes. This kind of social interaction is completely absent in inanimate nature." https://lnkd.in/emqdYrV View in LinkedIn

CAST FERTILIZER. "Earthworms also facilitate the transport of certain elements to the soil surface so that their faecal casts have concentrations of calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, available phosphorus, and molybdenum that are higher than in the surrounding soil. Therefore, earthworms not only improve the soil texture but also enrich the soil." https://lnkd.in/e8jbAfG View in LinkedIn

ERROR OR DESIGN? "Is really new sequence space the result of selection of an abundance of replication errors, or in contrary, is it the result of the practical competence of living agents to generate new sequence? Are, e.g., RNA viruses ‘‘error-prone’’ or is this a misleading term for a highly productive behavior?" https://lnkd.in/eWydwab View in LinkedIn

BUILDING SOIL STRUCTURE. "Earthworm activity facilitates the physical comminution of organic particles, the amelioration of soil pH, the enhancement of microbial activity, and the mixing of soil from different strata in the profile. They promote the formation of organomineral complexes and, by delivering faecal casts at the surface, they bring organo-mineral crumbs from the deeper parts of the profile to the surface." https://lnkd.in/e8jbAfG View in LinkedIn

"FALSIFIED: Most Viruses are Disease-Causing Selfish Parasites. the large majority of virus infections on this planet do not display this disease causing behavior." https://lnkd.in/eWydwab View in LinkedIn

SOIL PROCESSING. "In one square metre of a favourable soil environment roughly one litre of soil is contained within an earthworm population’s gut where 4-10% of total soil is consumed annually. Extrapolation indicates that over 10 years ~50% of soil will have passed through an earthworm and ~90% within 40 years. Within the United Kingdom an estimated 89.5 million litres of soil resides in the earthworm gut at any one time (1L M(-2) of favourable UK soil) and therefore the egested material clear represents the major constituent of soil." https://lnkd.in/eVE-4GB View in LinkedIn

"IN UZBEKISTAN, convoys of lorries bring them vast distances to improve the desert soil. In the Scottish hills, they helped a sheep farmer to increase the size of his flocks by half. And in Wales they are restoring land scarred by open cast mines. The vital ingredient in each case is the earthworm." https://lnkd.in/ez7qDTc View in LinkedIn

GUARDIANS OF THE SOIL. "Earthworms are the single largest contributors to the soil invertebrate biomass in many ecosystems and have long been recognized for the benefits they bring to the environment. Important functions of earthworms include processes such as soil aeration, bioturbation and organic matter fragmentation that are vital for promoting soil structural development and nutrient cycling." https://lnkd.in/eCmCiWT View in LinkedIn

SOIL TURNOVER CONFIRMED. "Darwin estimated rates of topsoil deposition in the range of 0.20–0.56 cm per year, and the mean amount of soil brought upwards by the worms as 17–40 t per ha per year. More recent studies in Britain, France, Switzerland, and Germany have produced similar values for grass-dominated vegetation in a temperate climate." https://lnkd.in/e8jbAfG View in LinkedIn

EARTHWORM MICROBIOME. "We have described how the earthworm microbiome is distinct from the surrounding soil microbial community. Notably, the L. rubellus microbiome is dominated by Proteobacteria (~50%) and Actinobacteria (~30%). Bacteroidetes (~6%), Acidobacteria (~3%), Firmicutes, Chloroflexi and Cyanobacteria also appear regularly at lower abundance levels." https://lnkd.in/eVE-4GB View in LinkedIn