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CODES NEED ACTIVE AGENTS. "The variety of RNA agents that share the competence to act on nucleic acid sequences by several techniques (de novo generation, ligation/degradation, insertion/deletion, silencing, amplification, epigenetic markings, etc.) is coherent with the general assumption that no natural code codes itself but needs some competent agents that act on this code." https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn

KEY FIRST DISTINCTION. "Natural genome editors differentiate between self and non-self. How did prebiotic chemistry start life?" https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn

LYNN MARGULIS. "Called "Science's Unruly Earth Mother", a "vindicated heretic", or a scientific "rebel", Margulis was a strong critic of neo-Darwinism. Her position sparked lifelong debate with leading neo-Darwinian biologists, including Richard Dawkins, George C. Williams, and John Maynard Smith." She was married to astronomer Carl Sagan. https://lnkd.in/et3gdfj View in LinkedIn

LUIS P. VILLARREAL. "In the last decade metagenomic assessments have led us to realize that viruses are the dominate biological entities of the biosphere and are the most numerous, diverse and dynamic genetic agents on Earth. Although viruses have long been dismissed from the Tree of Life a simply destructive and selfish extra-genomic genetic parasites, comparative genomics now makes it clear that viral colonization distinguishes all domains of life." https://lnkd.in/enQH9Fn View in LinkedIn

COLLABORATORS. Professor Lluis Villarreal has collaborated with Güenther Witzany on several publications on the new thinking about evolution. https://lnkd.in/enQH9Fn View in LinkedIn

PROF LUIS P. VILLARREAL. National Science Foundation Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring. Elected, Fellow of the American Society of Microbiology. Proponent of new thinking. https://lnkd.in/enQH9Fn View in LinkedIn

PROF LUIS P. VILLARREAL. Professor Emeritus, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry" "School of Biological Sciences. Founding Director, Center for Virus Research, Center for Virus Research. PhD, University of California, San Diego. Stanford University, Department of Biochemistry, under direction of Dr. Paul Berg, on recombinant SV40 expression. SACNAS Distinguished Scientist. Distinguished Alumnus Award from California State University, Los Angeles. New thinking about evolution. https://lnkd.in/enQH9Fn View in LinkedIn

MODERNIZING DARWINISM. "The book grew out of a story Mazur broke online in March 2008—titled "Altenberg! The Woodstock of Evolution?"—about the now famous meeting at Konrad Lorenz Institute in Altenberg, Austria in July 2008, where 16 scientists discussed expanding evolutionary thinking beyond outdated hypotheses." https://lnkd.in/enrnjtY View in LinkedIn

THE ALTERNBERG 16. "In recent years the modern synthesis has been declared extended by major evolutionary thinkers (e.g., “the Altenberg 16“ and others), as well as dead by major evolutionary thinkers, the late Lynn Margulis and Francisco Ayala among them." https://lnkd.in/eSeZ5Qq View in LinkedIn

REEXAMINATION IS NEEDED. "Most molecular biological concepts derive from physical chemical assumptions about the genetic code that are basically more than 40 years old. Recent empirical data on genetic code compositions and rearrangements by mobile genetic elements and noncoding RNAs, together with results of virus research and their role in evolution, does not really fit into these concepts and compel a reexamination." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn