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OLD ASSUMPTION. "For decades it was assumed that if the genetic code represents a context-free universal grammar determined exclusively by natural laws, copying events can form only identical copies of the wild type. If there is any change in such copies it is correct to term them as replication errors. Error replications (mutations) are a key element in explanatory models of the evolutionary origin of genetic diversity, being the ultimate resource for biological selection." https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn

TWO WAY STREET. "There is downward causation from the organism to the gene, not just as we assume, upward causation, from the gene to the organism. The reductionist agenda is incorrect. You are in the wrong box." (Professor Nobel on his book, the Music of Life). https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/team/denis-noble View in LinkedIn

ACTIVE GENOME EDITING AGENTS. "The reductionistic and mechanistic views on physico-chemical properties of the genetic code are no longer convincing as appropriate descriptions of the abundance of non-random genetic content operators which are active in natural genetic engineering and natural genome editing." https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn

USELESS WITHOUT AGENTS. "Genes do nothing on their own...if I take a gene and put it in a Petri dish with as many nutrients as you wish for 10,000 years, it will do absolutely nothing." (Professor Nobel on his book, the Music of Life). https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/team/denis-noble View in LinkedIn

ERROR VERSUS INTENTIONALITY. "The abundance of empirical data concerning non-random genetic change operators such as the variety of mobile genetic elements, persistent viruses and defectives do not fit with the dominant narrative of error replication events (mutations) as being the main driving forces creating genetic novelty and diversity." https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn

TWO WAY. "The same genome can give rise to very different phenotypes...transmission of information is not just one way...Lamarkism is not so obviously false." (Professor Nobel on his book, the Music of Life). https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/team/denis-noble View in LinkedIn

RISE OF RNA AGENTS. "Since Barbara McClintock’s far-reaching detection of mobile genetic elements, the RNA world hypothesis followed by the rise of RNA biology and the comeback of virology, we have a variety of terms for RNA agents that play essential roles in natural genetic engineering and natural genome editing." https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn

NEW INFO #2. "The central dogma of molecular biology “DNA-RNA-Protein everything else,” is obsolete nowadays; the reverse direction is also in common use." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

RNA WORLD HYPOTHESIS. "The concepts of the origin of the genetic code and the definitions of life changed dramatically after the RNA world hypothesis. Main narratives in molecular biology and genetics such as the “central dogma,” “one gene one protein” and “non-coding DNA is junk” were falsified meanwhile. RNA moved from the transition intermediate molecule into centre stage." An important paper. https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn

BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALS. "The calcite crystals, as coccolith plates, lie in specific locations and are oriented with respect to the crystallographic axes of calcite; whereas the mollusk shell crystallites are aragonite, which in standard laboratory conditions is a less stable form of calcium carbonate than is calcite. The calcite crystals from the human inner ear exhibit a spindle-like shape that is quite different from that of synthetic calcite." https://lnkd.in/eVX4ANS View in LinkedIn