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NEW INFO #5. "Viruses and their various roles in evolution and developmental processes as obligate inhabitants of cellular genomes change our view on the evolution and function of the nucleic acid language and its interconnection with the amino acid language. Some authors suggest the existence of a fourth domain of life, the virosphere." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

GENETIC MERGER. "Another example is that of cilia, the rods in the retina, the tail of sperm cells, sensory hairs and many similar appendages of nucleated cells which arose during the original merger of archaebacteria and a swimming bacterium. The bodies they contain (so-called “centriole-kinetosomes”) arose through this archaic merger." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

ENDOSYMBIOSIS THEORY. "A large and diverse body of evidence supports the notion that mitochondria and plastids (chloroplasts), the textbook membrane-bound organelles of eukaryotes, evolved from once free-living bacteria by endosymbiosis." https://lnkd.in/eeAhj-A View in LinkedIn

PROF WOESE. "He received a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics from Amherst College in 1950. During his time at Amherst, Woese took only one biology course (Biochemistry, in his senior year) and had "no scientific interest in plants and animals" until advised by William M. Fairbank, then an assistant professor of physics at Amherst, to pursue biophysics at Yale (PhD). " "Leeuwenhoek Medal (1992). Selman A. Waksman Award (1995). National Medal of Science (2000). Crafoord Prize (2003)." https://lnkd.in/eWXThmK View in LinkedIn

CARL RICHARD WOESE. (July 15, 1928 – December 30, 2012) was an American microbiologist and biophysicist. Woese is famous for defining the Archaea (a new domain or kingdom of life) in 1977 by phylogenetic taxonomy of 16S ribosomal RNA, a technique pioneered by Woese which revolutionized the discipline of microbiology. He was also the originator of the RNA world hypothesis in 1967, although not by that name. He held the Stanley O. Ikenberry Chair and was professor of microbiology at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign." https://lnkd.in/eWXThmK View in LinkedIn

NEW INFO #4. "The detection of a third domain of life by Carl Woese was a very important step in the development of our picture on the animate world, as was the serial endosymbiotic theory of Lynn Margulis, ie, cooperation of merged members constituting eukaryotic cells with a true nucleus." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this first weekend on biocrystals. In terms of planetary functioning, these organic-inorganic hybrids made by microscopic creatures have laid down vast geolological sediment beds, locked up enormous quantities of inorganic carbon, and provided the food chain with a giant first step. Whilst it is glib to say from smallness comes greatness, and from simplicity comes complexity, both are true in this case. View in LinkedIn

CANDIDATE FUNCTIONS. "Various functions have been assigned to coccoliths, ranging from protection against grazing, regulation of depth in the water column, or modification of optical properties to favour photosynthesis. However, the frequent correlation of calcification rates with photosynthesis and the often observed continual production and shedding of coccoliths suggests that coccolithophore calcification production may have at least a partial metabolic role." https://lnkd.in/eXTtntg View in LinkedIn

HYPOTHESES OF FUNCTION. "Despite the efforts made to discover the function of calcification, none of the various hypotheses are supported by sufficient evidence to have been fully accepted." It is perplexing that such major structures have not yet had a satisfactory function ascribed to them. https://lnkd.in/e2i9eMi View in LinkedIn

MUTANT VIRAL SWARMS. "Viruses exist as “mutant clouds” of closely-related individuals." https://lnkd.in/eeNnK4N View in LinkedIn