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MUTANT VIRAL SWARMS. "Viruses exist as “mutant clouds” of closely-related individuals." https://lnkd.in/eeNnK4N View in LinkedIn

MUTANT VIRAL SWARMS. "Viruses exist as “mutant clouds” of closely-related individuals." https://lnkd.in/eeNnK4N View in LinkedIn

COLLABORATIVE VIRAL SWARMS. "We therefore focus on some aspects of the consortia networks of viruses and subviral agents: RNA stem-loop swarms and viral and subviral networks (SINEs, LINEs, Alus) that cooperate and coordinate (regulate) within cellular genomes as infection-derived modular tools such as noncoding RNAs." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

"CONTRARY to the conventional view that proteins evolve one amino acid at a time, we realized over 40 years ago that larger-scale changes play a major role. Whatever the exact molecular mechanism may be, duplication of an entire protein coding sequence can only occur by NGE, not by a succession of small mutations." (NGE = Natural Genetic Engineering). http://www.thethirdwayofevolution.com/people/view/james-a-shapiro View in LinkedIn

BACTERIAL INCORPORATION. "Margulis refers to the term symbiogenesis coined by Mereschkowsky and Wallin. The authors argue that new tissues, organs, organisms and species arise from entering into long-term, permanent symbioses. Bacteria were permanently incorporated into animal and plant cells as plastids and mitochondria." https://lnkd.in/ebPshsX View in LinkedIn

"SYMBIOGENESIS (engulfment that led to nucleus, chloroplast and mitochondria), horizontal gene transfer, matings between different species making hybrids, genomic instability, and the biology of viruses have all contributed to a rethinking of classical Darwinian ideas." http://www.thethirdwayofevolution.com/people/view/james-a-shapiro View in LinkedIn

"EVOLUTIONARY INSCRIPTIONS are those written into the DNA sequence structure that influence taxonomic divergence. Although the traditional concept of gradual genome change in evolution assumes that these inscriptions have to accumulate within vertical lineages over long chronological periods, some evolutionary inscriptions clearly occur in a single organismal generation by cell actions outside normal vertical heredity." http://www.thethirdwayofevolution.com/people/view/james-a-shapiro View in LinkedIn

RNA AGENTS DRIVE EVOLUTION. "It seems plausible now that if we look at the abundance of regulatory RNAs and persistent viruses in host genomes, we will find more and more evidence that the key players that edit the genetic codes of host genomes are consortia of RNA agents and viruses that drive evolutionary novelty and regulation of cellular processes in all steps of development." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVISED. "Recent empirical data on genetic code compositions and rearrangements by mobile genetic elements and noncoding RNAs, together with results of virus research and their role in evolution, does not really fit into these concepts and compel a reexamination." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

SEVEN PIECES of new data accumulated in the last two decades change prevailing paradigms in molecular biology. In summary: #1. Mobile genetic elements; #2. Reverse genetics; #3. Non-coding DNA and RNA is not junk; #4. Endosymbiosis of third domain; #5. Role of Viruses in evolution; #6. Epigenetics; #7. communication between cells and molecules. Combined together, these now constitute a new hypothesis about developmental processes, evolution, and molecular biology. View in LinkedIn