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RNA VERSUS DNA. "Early RNA-world is plausible because RNA can reproduce itself autocatalytically, which DNA cannot. Moreover, RNA controls the assemblage of amino acids into protein sequences. Some RNAs are as competent as proteins: it can splice itself, i.e. rearrange its own molecular shape anew – it rearranges and reorganizes genetic material." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

MOLECULAR ACTIVATORS. "The leaves of Mimosa pudica L. are well known for their rapid movement when touched. Recently, we were able to isolate an excitatory substance in small quantities from this plant, which consists of three different components (potassium L-malate, magnesium trans-aconitate, and dimethylammonium salt)." https://lnkd.in/eHVDKsZ View in LinkedIn

CLOCK PIECES. "Up to now, over 20 components related to the circadian clock in Arabidopsis were identified, and homologous genes in other plants have been observed, indicating that this system is highly preserved in plants. The proteins that belong to the circadian clock act at different times during the night and the day, reciprocally regulating the expression of other genes, on the transcriptional and post transcriptional level." http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0100-83582016000100191&script=sci_arttext View in LinkedIn

PHOTORECEPTORS. "The perception of the luminous sign in plants is made by photoreceptors, which include phytochromes (phy), cryptochromes, phototropins, ZTL/ADO family proteins, in addition to a protein family of photoreceptors responsible for absorbing the ultraviolet light (UV-B). Phytochromes are the main photoreceptors, and they are responsible for absorbing the red (R) and far-red (FR) radiation." http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0100-83582016000100191&script=sci_arttext View in LinkedIn

CLOCK DRIVEN. "Approximately 25% of the Arabidopsis genes that encode proteins with several functions are regulated by the circadian clock. Amongst its functions are the regulation of germination, enzymatic activity, stomatal movements and gas exchanges, photosynthesis, flower blossoming and the emission of fragrances." https://lnkd.in/ecWYRcG View in LinkedIn

TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL. "In tulip petals, for example, the upper and lower sides of the mesophyll exhibit a 10 °C difference in optimum temperature for elongation growth, resulting in opening in the morning and closure in the evening." http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/389/1801.full View in LinkedIn

"COMPETITION FOR CARBOHYDRATES has been reported between petals of one flower, and among the opening flowers and flower buds. In cut Madelon roses, removal of the outer petals directly after harvest resulted in an increase in the surface area and in the sugar content of the innermost petals once they had fully developed. Competition between buds follows from standard horticultural practice, where flower buds are removed in order to produce larger sized single flowers." http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/389/1801.full View in LinkedIn

"FLOWER OPENING may be due to a combination of sugar uptake and degradation of various polysaccharides. In gladiolus florets, where starch was a source of soluble carbohydrate, the increase in sugar content was 7–8 times higher than the decrease in starch content, which is indicative of sugar uptake." http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/389/1801.full View in LinkedIn

HYBRID STRATEGY. "Some petals contain both starch and fructan. In chrysanthemum petals, for example, both polysaccharides were degraded during petal expansion. Finally, some flowers reportedly contain neither fructan nor starch (or only very low starch concentrations) just prior to opening." http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/389/1801.full View in LinkedIn

DARK TRIGGER. "The time of the onset of darkness, however, had a large effect on the rhythm. In plants grown in the field and brought into 12 h darkness, starting at 12 noon, the flowers from then on showed a 24 rhythm whereby they followed the new cycle. Normally all flowers on a plant opened and closed at the same time. However, if buds on the same plant were placed in darkness at various times, they opened and closed at different times, set by the time of the onset of continuous darkness." https://lnkd.in/eTEzGE9 View in LinkedIn