Category: Uncategorized

FOOTNOTE. "For many years, all bacteria were believed to have a single, circular chromosome in comparison to the eukaryotes, which have linear chromosomes. Perhaps, this was due to the limited sample of bacterial strains studied at the time and the sequencing techniques available to examine the bacterial chromosomes. However, this belief was disproved when bacteria with multiple and/or linear chromosomes were discovered in 1989." https://lnkd.in/eEQunTJ View in LinkedIn

LEAF VS FLOWER CLOCKS. "When grown outdoors, the flowers of C. arvensis open in the morning and close in the afternoon, for about 5 d prior to petal wilting. Temperature changes had no effect on opening or closure. Under continuous darkness, opening and closure showed a 24 h rhythm. When the leaves were subjected to a different day/night cycle from the flowers, the opening and closing rhythm followed that of the flowers." https://lnkd.in/eTEzGE9 View in LinkedIn

FASTER ADAPTATION. "In contrast, circular genomes with few higher order regulatory elements (represented by a diversity of genetic parasites present in intron-like genomic habitats) had more advantages in a high temperature environment and could adapt faster because of their ability to exchange selected phenotypes within and between protein-coding data-sets, as happens in horizontal gene transfer." Many bacterial genomes are circular. https://lnkd.in/ekWBG2q View in LinkedIn

DAY TETHERING. "Floral opening in several species is apparently independent of specific external regulation as it occurs at any time of the day. Floral opening in other species, belonging to a large number of families, show a relationship with the time of day. Flower closure may similarly be independent or dependent of the time of the day, depending on the species. This dependence on the time of the day may be regulated by external cues such as temperature, humidity, and light and/or by an internal rhythm." https://lnkd.in/eTEzGE9 View in LinkedIn

SUPER-FAST EVOLUTION. "RNA-based life forms could evolve millions of times faster than DNA-based systems. This was an advantage for the exploration and invention of new sequence space, i.e. new genomic content with phenotypic competences and functions." https://lnkd.in/ekWBG2q View in LinkedIn

MEGA-ERRORS ARE INNOVATIVE. "The lack of RNA correction and repair and the high rate of replication combined with innovation allowed a rate of recombination events 1–10 x 10(6) times faster than in DNA genomes." https://lnkd.in/ekWBG2q View in LinkedIn

EARLY CELLULAR REFUGE. "Although accelerated ssRNA processing of mRNA, tRNA and rRNAs in linear RNA genomes built core competences for natural genome editing in the early RNA world, those ssRNAs without cellular habitats are extremely thermolabile and could not survive in high temperature environments." https://lnkd.in/ekWBG2q View in LinkedIn

RNA INSTABILITY. "This instability is a necessary precondition for the high productivity of differ- ent RNA sequences with the rapidly adapting features necessary in the early RNA world, that is, a large variety of different RNA identities." Genetic variation engine. https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

SYMBIOGENESIS. "Perhaps the best known example of symbiogenesis is the similarly named Endosymbiotic Theory popularized by evolutionary scientist Lynn Margulis. This explanation of how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells is the currently accepted theory in science. Instead of competition, various prokaryotic organisms worked together to create a more stable life for all involved. A larger prokaryote engulfed smaller prokaryotes that became what we now know as various important organelles within a eukaryotic cell." https://lnkd.in/esJqNWw View in LinkedIn

LARGELY UNKNOWN. "Besides these classical ncRNAs, there are various ncRNAs of unknown function, many of which are considered as lncRNAs based on their size greater being than 200 nucleotides. These, apart from the lack of protein-coding potential, have relatively low levels of evolutionary conservation and originate from genes that are usually shorter than protein-coding genes, with fewer exons." (ncRNAs = non-protein coding RNAs; IncRNAs = antisense long non-coding RNAs). http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/16/2/3251/htm View in LinkedIn