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MECHANICAL LIFE. "Nobel laureate Sydney Brenner argued that Turing machines have much in common with cells and living organisms; that cells and living organisms are, in fact, the best examples of Turing’s and von Neumann’s machines." https://lnkd.in/eeiUHXC View in LinkedIn

"VON NEUMANN thought of his logical model of self-reproduction as an answer to the observation that, unlike machines, biological organisms have the ability to self-replicate while seemingly increasing their complexity without limit. Mechanical artefacts are instead produced via more complicated factories (as opposed to self-production) and can only degenerate in their complexity." https://lnkd.in/eixDbva View in LinkedIn

CODE SCRIPT. "The machine metaphor for living organisms is outdated. Life’s code script does not code itself." https://lnkd.in/eeiUHXC View in LinkedIn

NO SELF-CODING CODE. "The crucial deficit in this assumption was ignorance of the agent perspective: no natural code codes itself, as no natural language speaks itself. In natural languages or codes, there must be living agents that generate signs and combine them into more complex sign sequences." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

RNA SOCIOBIOLOGY. "If we take now a step away from mainstream molecular biology (including the physical chemical properties of quasispecies and mutant spectra) and systems biology (nonreductionistic physicalism) and move toward a more consortial thinking of cooperative ensembles of RNA stem loops, viruses, and subviral remnants of former infection events, we should move toward a kind of RNA sociology." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

VIRAL SOCIAL GROUP BEHAVIOR. "Bottom-up processes tolerant of and needing diversity" "spontaneous formation of group behavior; de novo initiation of behavior that cannot be deduced from former behavioral patterns; highly adaptive processes; lacking central or fittest type control" "retaining a contextual history; smart (optimal energy costs); solves problems beyond the capacity of its individual members; fast changing reactions against nonmembers." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

SELF AND NON-SELF GROUPS. "Now we have molecular structures coherent with physical laws that store genetic information and actively generate behavioral motifs and patterns of interaction, that is, coordinate common behavior according to rules that lead to consortia of self and nonself groups. This resembles some kinds of social group behavior with shared features." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

AGENTS WITH SEMANTIC RULES. "And exactly this feature is an inherent characteristic for the communicative and linguistic competencies of living agents in biocommunication processes throughout all kingdoms." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

REACTIONS OF HOSTS TO PARASITES vary enormously, ranging from self-medication, heat therapy, cold therapy, and suicide. The greater good of the social unit is the apparent motivation of the suicide option. View in LinkedIn

REBUTTAL #3: "We do not agree with Brenner's criticism of Erwin Schrödinger for his statement that "chromosomes act as an “architect’s plan and builder’s craft in one”. The claim that chromosomes just represent a code script is wrong as chromosomes contain DNA sequences as well as proteins and RNA molecules. In fact, the amounts of proteins and RNAs are much higher than in DNA." https://lnkd.in/eeiUHXC View in LinkedIn