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GUT BACTERIA AND MENTAL HEALTH. "Early life perturbations of the developing gut microbiota can impact neurodevelopment and potentially lead to adverse mental health outcomes later in life." https://lnkd.in/egTKHRg View in LinkedIn

PRENATAL INFECTIONS. "Epidemiological studies have indicated an association between common neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia, and microbial pathogen infections during the perinatal period. These findings are supported by experimental studies in rodents, demonstrating that exposure to microbial pathogens during similar developmental periods result in behavioral abnormalities, including anxiety-like behavior and impaired cognitive function." https://lnkd.in/e7Pmtsp View in LinkedIn

PROBIOTIC REVERSAL. "In preclinical studies, administration of probiotics such as Lactobacillus farciminis, Bacteroides fragilis, and Lactobacillus salivarius can reverse the leakiness induced by acute stress, maternal infection, and hydrogen peroxide." https://lnkd.in/egTKHRg View in LinkedIn

PSYCHIATRIC DYSBIOSIS. "Leaky gut or impaired intestinal permeability has been linked not only to the GI dysfunction but also to psychiatric disorders, such as depression and chronic fatigue syndrome. Microbial-based strategies that enhance barrier function may be useful for such disorders." https://lnkd.in/egTKHRg View in LinkedIn

ECOSYSTEM DYSBALANCE. "This promotes the increased translocation of pathogenic bacterial components from the intestinal mucosa to the systemic circulation, where they activate innate immunity, characterized by production of proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in systemic inflammation and abnormal gut function. These mechanisms potentially lead to impaired CNS function such as altered neurochemistry, cognition, behavior, stress response, and visceral pain." https://lnkd.in/egTKHRg View in LinkedIn

ECOLOGICAL BALANCE. "A change in the balance of symbionts and pathobionts favoring pathobiont overgrowth results in dysbiosis, which can induce inflammation. During inflammatory responses, macrophages contribute to pathogenesis through inappropriate responses to enteric microbial stimuli, inefficient clearance of microbes from host tissues, and impaired proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, and loss of barrier function." https://lnkd.in/egTKHRg View in LinkedIn

PATHOLOGICAL DYSBIOSIS. "Under pathological stress and/or disease conditions, intestinal dysbiosis can adversely influence gut physiology leading to inappropriate brain–gut axis signaling and associated consequences for CNS functions and disease states." https://lnkd.in/egTKHRg View in LinkedIn

HEALTHY SYMBIOSIS. "Under healthy conditions, the predominance of symbiotic bacteria, an intact intestinal barrier, a healthy innate immunity controlling pathobiont overgrowth inside the intestinal tract and healthy gut function support the symbiotic relationship between CNS function and gut microbiota." https://lnkd.in/egTKHRg View in LinkedIn

ACKNOWLEDGING THE OTHER CAMP. "Many examples have been found in which TEs have taken on regulatory or other functional roles in the genome." (TE = transposable elements). http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

PSEUDOGENES ARISE BY (1): "duplication - modifications (mutations, insertions, deletions, frame shifts) to the DNA sequence of a gene can occur during duplication. These disablements can result in loss of gene function at the transcription or translation level (or both) since the sequence no longer results in the production of a protein. Copies of genes that are disabled in such a manner are termed non-processed or duplicated pseudogenes." http://pseudogene.org/background.php View in LinkedIn