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ORTHOLOGS. "Similar to the last juvenile stages in insects, mammalian puberty, including that of humans, is characterized by a number of hormonal events, resulting in the attainment of adult reproductive capacity. Two mammalian E93 orthologs, ligand-dependent corepressor (LCoR) and its paralog LCoR-like, have been identified." (E93= a transcription factor). http://www.pnas.org/content/111/19/7024.full View in LinkedIn

MASTER FACTOR. "Our study has demonstrated that, despite the evolutionary distance and the differences in the developmental strategies of reaching adulthood, E93 is the universal adult specifier that acts as the “master factor” of adult metamorphosis in hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects." (E93= a transcription factor). http://www.pnas.org/content/111/19/7024.full View in LinkedIn

VESTIGIAL CONSEQUENCE. "Eukaryotic transcription is inherently noisy." When a completely foreign metabolic pathway is bolted-on, no surprise. http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

THE UNIVERSAL ADULT SPECIFIER. "Here, we report that a single factor, E93, controls juvenile-to-adult transition in hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects, thus acting as the universal adult specifier in winged insects. Interestingly, we find that E93 not only promotes adult metamorphosis but also represses the expression of the antimetamorphic genes Krüppel-homolog 1 and Broad-Complex, ensuring the proper juvenile–adult transition." (E93= a transcription factor). http://www.pnas.org/content/111/19/7024.full View in LinkedIn

ANCIENT ENDOSYMBIOSIS EVENT. "Thus, by several independent mechanisms, the acquisition of mitochondria likely allowed the expansion of nonfunctional intergenic DNA and the evolution of a noisy transcriptional system." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

SEPARATION. "Although both autophagy and apoptosis can be activated by 20E, it must be emphasized that, while both 20E commitment and metamorphic peak are required to trigger apoptosis, which produces an increase in apoptosis-related gene expression and activation of the apoptotic pathway, respectively, autophagy might be controlled exclusively by the first 20E peak." (20E = 20-hydroxyecdysone). https://lnkd.in/eED2fPx View in LinkedIn

PAYING FOR WASTEFUL TRANSCRIPTION. "It should also be noted that the increase in ATP regeneration due to mitochondrial-derived metabolic pathways provided the surplus energy that is required to support an expansion not only in genome size and membranes, but also wasteful transcription." https://lnkd.in/eT5V5Xc View in LinkedIn

SPECIFIC ROLES. "Whereas periodic pulses of 20E promote every developmental transition, the presence or absence of JH determines the nature of each transition." (JH = juvenile hormones; 20E= 20-hydroxyecdysone). http://www.pnas.org/content/111/19/7024.full View in LinkedIn

COUPLING FUNCTION. "The ultimate goal of these coupling reactions is to sort protein-coding RNAs (i.e. mRNA) from intergenic transcripts." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

COUPLING. "A common theme that has emerged from the study of mRNA synthesis is that various steps in RNA synthesis and processing are biochemically coupled. In other words, cellular machineries that participate in one biochemical activity also promote subsequent steps." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn