PHYSIOLOGICAL PRIMERS. “Many bioassays measure a behavioural response as in the silk moth or the suckling of a rabbit pup in response to the rabbit mammary pheromone, 2-methylbut-2-enal. Other pheromones need different kinds of bioassays as they have physiological (‘primer’) effects. Many pheromones, such as male tilapia urinary pheromones and honeybee alarm pheromone, have both immediate ‘releaser’ effects and longer lasting primer effects. In the honey bee this is reflected in changes in gene activity in the bee’s antennal lobe. For many hours after exposure to alarm pheromone, honeybees are more likely to attack intruders.”
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