TWO TYPES OF ATP SYNTHASE DEFECTS. “Alteration of ATP synthase biogenesis may cause two types of isolated defects: qualitative when the enzyme is structurally modified and does not function properly, and quantitative when it is present in insufficient amounts. In both cases the cellular energy provision is impaired, and diminished use of mitochondrial ΔμH+ promotes ROS production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain.”
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