NUCLEATION. “The first stage of biomineralization is nucleation of a ring of calcite nuclei with alternating orientations. This is a distinctive feature of heterococcoliths with no obvious parallels in any other biomineralization systems and has demonstrably remained constant through more than 200 million years of coccolith evolution…heterococcolith rim nucleation is characterized by a suite of features: alternation of c-axis orientations, control of a-axis orientations, stability through evolutionary history and chirality.”
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