SO ENDS this first of two weekend Fragments on a snippet of the history of the smallpox vaccine, the first to be successfully developed in the west. The attribution of the discovery to Jenner was clearly only a tiny part of a much bigger chain of observations and experiments worldwide, including its practice in the 10th century. What is very interesting is how, without the germ theory of diseases, or experimental methodology, various cultures came up with the same solution. And, without controlled preparations, there was clear immunity induced.