COUNTRY FACTORS. “Factors proposed for the urban House Sparrow decline: predation by hawks and cats; increased bird competition for food; nesting site losses; pollution; lack of insect food; increased pesticide use; smaller colony sizes.”
https://www.britishbirds.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/article_files/V96/V96_N09/V96_N09_P439_446_A004.pdf