“THE SWARM CHEMISTRY world has become capable of producing fully autonomous ecological and evolutionary behaviors of self-organized “super-organisms” made of a number of swarming particles. With a finite amount of resources (i.e., fixed number of particles) provided in a closed environment, we have observed behaviors of those macroscopic patterns that could be interpreted in ecological/evolutionary terms, such as reproduction, chasing, and predation, all emerging out of local interactions among individual particles.”
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