GYMNOSPERMS PARALLELED ANGIOSPERMS. “In the gymnosperms, the most ancient group of living seed plants, ovules most frequently occur as naked structures that develop in the axils of leaf-like organs. By contrast, in the more recently evolved flowering plants or angiosperms, the ovules are enclosed and protected by a specialized female reproductive organ termed the carpel.”
https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article/57/10/2143/471376/An-evolutionary-perspective-on-the-regulation-of