SURFACE FLAW OF EARLY STUDIES. “One common feature of these studies is that they all consider organic synthesis on the surface, which is true for high-energy photons such as UV, X-rays and low energy protons (approx. keV to MeV). However, for higher energy particles such as Galactic cosmic rays whose energies are approximately 10 GeV and beyond, the secondary particles penetrate below the surface. Particles such as electrons, positrons, neutrons and photons produced in interactions have very short ranges and are confined in a relatively small volume. Particles with the highest range are muons as shown in figure 2 and are the primary source of Galactic cosmic rays-induced radiation in such environments.”
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2016.0459