“THE FOURTH SCALE includes species scale, phylogenetic changes. Through natural selection, a species “learns” certain adaptive behaviours, makes novel semiotic distinctions and behavioural interpretants, as when a plant species co-evolves a flower morphology in tempo with the needs of a fellow co-evolving pollinator. Learning takes on a very different sense here as it is no longer associated with anything potentially experiential or phenomenal.”
http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(16)30459-6