SPECIES AS INDIVIDUALS. “Michael Ghiselin (1974) and David Hull (1976, 1978) advanced the thesis that species are not kinds but individuals. Although the species-as-individuals view has become widely accepted, it continues to encounter some resistance on the grounds that it is puzzling and counterintuitive. It is objected for example that, as the members of a species are discrete and relatively independent, it is not clear how they can be identified as parts of an individual.”
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