DROPLET CHARGES. “There are extensive measurements showing typically several hundred elementary charges on droplets, generally positive at cloud tops and negative at cloud base for early stages of development of clouds. Such charge accumulates from the current density flowing between ionosphere and earth as part of the global atmospheric electric circuit. When such charged droplets evaporate due to diffusion and mixing processes at cloud boundaries reducing the relative humidity, the droplet charge is retained on the residual aerosol particle.”
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