RETURN OF VITALISM. “For Chaptal, fermentation was not, as Lavoisier had suggested, a straightforward chemical reaction, but a living process. He identified four components of the grape that played a role: water, tartaric acid, sugar, and what he started out calling a “sweet principle” (principe doux), and later switched to calling the “vegeto-animal principle.”
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00026980.2020.1867786