BLACK HOLE FORMATION. “The morphology of the LWH is completely different from that of the MMH because of a recent major merger. The collision causes a sheet-like overdensity that cools to 300 K, becoming gravitationally unstable to fragmentation. A single clump fragments from the sheet and undergoes catastrophic collapse. All clumps in both target haloes have masses of around 10(3) Mʘ.” (Mʘ = solar mass; MMH = most massive halo; LWH = Lyman–Werner radiation flux).
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-0873-4