SO ENDS this first of two weekends on the theme of mutations. Darwin’s theory of evolution depended on “descent with modification”, but at the time, nothing was known about genes or mutations. Today, mutations are exquisitely understood, but surprisingly rarer than expected, and even a single mutation can have an enormous phenotypic effect, causing diseases including Sickle-cell anemia, cancer, color blindness, Tay-Sachs disease, and neurofibromatosis.
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