JOYS OF THE IMPERFECT. “The presence of imperfections in graphene has dramatically enabled its application in spintronics. Multiple types of imperfections have been explored for the realization of graphene spintronics include point defects, line defects such as edges, chemical doping, and sp3 hybridization. Magnetic moments arises from these defects in graphene are usually weak and not stable.”
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43577-021-00135-y