Month: September 2022

ARTIFICIAL CHEMISTRIES, a valuable overview for those interested. https://lnkd.in/dMJQS4i View in LinkedIn

DRY CHEMISTRY. "Simulating tens of thousands of atoms for days to weeks on a commodity cluster will produce a number of nanoseconds of real-time equivalent chemistry." https://lnkd.in/d7dZrnq View in LinkedIn

ARTIFICIAL CHEMISTRY. "This paper gives details of Squirm3, a new artificial environment based on a simple physics and chemistry that supports self-replicating molecules somewhat similar to DNA. These self-replicators emerge spontaneously from a random soup given the right conditions. Interactions between the replicators can result in mutated versions that can out-perform their parents." https://lnkd.in/dXZQRVS View in LinkedIn

BUILDING PROTOCELLS. "Efforts to bridge nonliving and living matter and develop protocells from scratch will rely on bottom-up self assembly with commensurate self organization of classes of molecules." https://lnkd.in/d7dZrnq View in LinkedIn

MOLECULAR FITNESS. "A simplified model of Darwinian evolution at the molecular level is studied by applying the methods of artificial chemistry. A chemical reactor (chemostat) contains molecules that are represented by binary strings, the strings being capable of replication with a probability proportional to their fitness. Moreover, the process of replication is not fully precise, sporadic mutations may produce new offspring strings, which are slightly different from their parent templates." https://lnkd.in/dS48CSs View in LinkedIn

ARTIFICIAL CHEMISTRY. "We present a novel unit of evolution: a self-reproducing cell in a two-dimensional artificial chemistry. The cells have a strip of genetic material that is used to produce enzymes, each catalyzing a specific reaction that may affect the survival of the cell." https://lnkd.in/dy97KSa View in LinkedIn

PRIMORDIAL SOUP TRANSITIONS. "This model describes the chemical reactions of a primitive metabolic system and the spatial interactions of simple amphiphilic molecules which organize into membrane-like structures. The results demonstrate the emergence of dynamic three-dimensional cellular structures from a “primordial soup”, and a variety of self-maintaining structures may be observed, depending on initial conditions." https://lnkd.in/dmwYs4u View in LinkedIn

UNEXPECTED COMBINATIONS. "A single-celled bacterium is alive, but if you separate the macromolecules that combined to create the bacterium, these units are not alive. Based on our knowledge of macromolecules, we would not have been able to predict that they could combine to form a living organism, nor could we have predicted all of the characteristics of the resulting bacterium." https://lnkd.in/epkJVpt View in LinkedIn

EMERGENT SURPRISES. "We have developed an artificial chemistry that allows self-maintaining molecular systems to mutate and exhibit innovative behaviour. We ran 1,000 open-ended trials and observed an unexpectedly wide range of emergent phenomena, with many parallels to biological systems." https://lnkd.in/dryBAUG View in LinkedIn

RAIDING MUTANTS. "In an RNA-world analogue, such as the chemistry we present here, a molecule can act as both template and machine. Initially, two identical molecules come together, with one acting as the machine which makes a copy of the other. Mutants that are better templates subsequently sweep through the population, replacing the initial molecular species." https://lnkd.in/dryBAUG View in LinkedIn