Month: September 2022

SIMPLE INFECTIVE PROTEIN. "Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: from biochemical simplicity to biological complexity." https://lnkd.in/dhMyiXn View in LinkedIn

SIMPLE CELL LINEAGES. "The simplicity of metazoan cell lineages. Developmental processes are thought to be highly complex, but there have been few attempts to measure and compare such complexity across different groups of organisms. We find that these cell lineages are significantly simpler than would be expected by chance." https://lnkd.in/dcZCYMn View in LinkedIn

POSTURE AMPLIFICATION. "In the human body there are ≈100 joint angles and substantially more muscles. Even if each muscle has just two states (rest or tension), the number of possible postures is enormous, 10(30). If our bodies moved aimlessly among these states, characterizing our motor behavior would be hopeless—no experiment could sample even a tiny fraction of all of the possible trajectories." https://lnkd.in/ddBeYeg View in LinkedIn

COMPLEXITY FROM SIMPLICITY. "Scientists have discovered in recent years that some seemingly complicated patterns, like the branching, jagged structures of plants, have simple descriptions in the language of fractal geometry, in which patterns are built up from rules repeated on different scales." https://lnkd.in/d8uZSVQ View in LinkedIn

SIMPLICITY BENEATH. "Throughout the natural and artificial world one observes phenomena of great complexity. Yesterday research in physics and to some extent biology and other fields have shown that the basic components of many systems are quite simple. It is now a crucial problem for many areas of science to elucidate the mathematical mechanisms by which large numbers of such simple components, acting together, can produce behavior of the great complexity observed." https://lnkd.in/dc_82je View in LinkedIn

COMPLEXITY FROM SIMPLICITY. "The mathematician John Conway has put theory into practice when he created the Game of Life in 1970. The huge interest for this game derives from its incredible power to create very complex objects from ridiculously simple rules and especially to the visual displays that are much more meaningful for us than dry equations, of course." https://lnkd.in/d3B2FKW View in LinkedIn

SIMPLICITY GENERATES COMPLEXITY. "A first for the game, the replicator demonstrates how astounding complexity can arise from simple beginnings and processes – an echo of life’s origins, perhaps." https://lnkd.in/d-ckTpQ View in LinkedIn

ADDITIVE SIMPLICITY. "Essentially, simple processes are combined with other simple processes and the result is complexity. That is a simplification, but in principle that is how AI machines “learn” – they take what they already “know” (what’s been coded into them) and combine and recombine that into all of the varieties that can be combined." https://lnkd.in/dxGnwJ3 View in LinkedIn

SIMPLIFYING EFFICIENCY. "Pargellis found that on average, a self-replicating sequence of instructions would spontaneously arise after about 400 generations. Initially, such 'self-reps' were often unnecessarily complex, and contained portions of code which performed no useful task, or were skipped over. This is directly analagous to the 'introns' and 'exons' found in real biological genes, where useful genetic information is interspersed with patches of nonsense." https://lnkd.in/dJPTA3e View in LinkedIn

"SIMPLE COMPLEXITY. Gemini’s implications extend to the real world. “There’s a fascination with the complexity that is coming out of these incredibly simple rules,” says Susan Stepney, a computer scientist at the University of York, UK, who ran Gemini inside Life, at New Scientist‘s behest. “Eventually that leads on to biology, putting simple atoms together to make complex life.” https://lnkd.in/d-ckTpQ View in LinkedIn