linkedin post 2019-12-01 07:02:03

linkedin post 2019-12-01 07:02:03

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TWO PATHWAYS. "Our current understanding of how leaves develop is restricted to processes that operate during megaphyll formation. Because microphylls and megaphylls evolved independently, different mechanisms might be required for leaf formation." http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v434/n7032/abs/nature03410.html View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-12-01 07:02:58

linkedin post 2019-12-01 07:02:58

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NOT TWO PATHWAYS. "Here we show that this is not so. Gene expression data from a microphyllous lycophyte, phylogenetic analyses, and a cross-species complementation experiment all show that a common developmental mechanism can underpin both microphyll and megaphyll formation." http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v434/n7032/abs/nature03410.html View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-12-01 07:04:28

linkedin post 2019-12-01 07:04:28

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REPURPOSED PATHWAYS. "We propose that this mechanism might have operated originally in the context of primitive plant apices to facilitate bifurcation. Recruitment of this pathway to form leaves occurred independently and in parallel in different plant lineages." Another case of bolt-on evolution. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v434/n7032/abs/nature03410.html View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-12-01 07:06:04

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ENORMOUS EVOLUTIONARY GAP. "This Botanical Briefing reviews how the integration of palaeontology, geochemistry and developmental biology is providing a new mechanistic framework for interpreting the 40- to 50-million-year gap between the origination of vascular land plants and the advent of large (megaphyll) leaves, a long-standing puzzle in evolutionary biology." http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/96/3/345.full.pdf View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-12-02 05:39:18

linkedin post 2019-12-02 05:39:18

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AUGMENTED RESPONSES. “Using a setup akin to a videogame, seven patients were taught to navigate a virtual city environment with a joystick, picking up passengers and delivering them to specific stores. Appropriate electrical stimulation to the brain during the game increased their speed and accuracy in accomplishing the task.” http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304914904579435592981780528 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-12-02 05:41:05

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READING THE SIGNALS. “Today, effective brain-machine interfaces have to be wired directly into the brain to pick up the signals emanating from small groups of nerve cells. But nobody yet knows how to make devices that listen to the same nerve cells that long.” https://lnkd.in/dSnTTfk View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-12-02 05:42:27

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SIGNAL ALGORITHM. “Researchers asked 12 people with epilepsy to look at pictures and then recall up to 90 seconds later which ones they had seen. While the participants did this, the researchers recorded the firing patterns in both CA3 and CA1. They then developed an algorithm that could use the activity of the CA1 cells to predict the pattern that was coming from CA3. Compared with the actual patterns, their predictions were accurate about 80% of the time.” http://www.nature.com/news/memory-boosting-devices-tested-in-humans-1.18712 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-12-02 05:45:27

linkedin post 2019-12-02 05:45:27

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ALGORITHM VALIDATION. “By using this algorithm, the researchers should be able to stimulate the CA1 cells with a pattern that mimics an appropriate CA3 signal even if a person’s CA3 cells are damaged, Berger says. In previous studies on monkeys trained to do the picture-recall task, receiving a juice reward when correct, his group has shown that stimulating CA1 with an appropriate pattern significantly improved the animals’ performance.” http://www.nature.com/news/memory-boosting-devices-tested-in-humans-1.18712 View in LinkedIn
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