LASERS FOR MEMORY. “Ramirez co-authored a 2014 study in which he and a team from RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics were able to change bad memories to good in male mice. Using a technique called optogenetics, in which genetically encoded, light-responsive proteins are inserted into cells, the scientists were able to pinpoint where a mouse's negative memory of a shock to the foot was formed, in the neural circuitry that connects the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus to the amygdala. The researchers then manipulated those neurons with lasers. Each time the mice ventured to a certain part of their enclosure, the negative memory was reactivated, and they quickly learned to fear the area.” https://lnkd.in/dkBjap4 View in LinkedIn