Month: September 2022

FEROCIOUS WINDS. “High-speed solar wind streams encountering the Earth most often originate from low-latitude coronal holes. Such high-speed streams are often associated with strong Alfvénic fluctuations leading to strong fluctuations of the IMF Bz and solar wind velocity.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

ELECTRON STREAMS. “These periods are effective drivers of medium-level activity in the high-latitude magnetosphere and in the ring current. The high-speed streams are especially efficient in accelerating relativistic electron populations in the outer van Allen belt.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

TIED TO SOLAR ACTIVITY. “The electron fluxes maximize during the declining phase of the solar activity when the high-speed streams are most frequent, and minimize during solar minimum.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

CORONAL HOLES. “During the declining phase of solar cycles, the coronal holes extend to low latitudes sometimes even reaching the ecliptic plane. When the high-speed solar wind emanating from the coronal holes runs into the slower solar wind, the interaction leads to a compression of the plasma and magnetic fields, forming corotating interaction regions (CIR).” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

PERIODICITY. “The CIRs seldom have fast shocks or continuous, strongly southward IMF Bz, and thus drive only moderate magnetospheric activity. CIRs, being associated with the coronal hole structure, also exhibit 27-day periodicity.” (CIR = corotating interaction regions); (IMF= interplanetary magnetic field). https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

PRESSURE WAVES. “Interplanetary shocks when interacting with the Earth’s bow shock cause direct energy transfer into the magnetosphere. The ram pressure pulse associated with the shock compresses the dayside magnetopause, and the compression effects travel tailward at the solar wind speed causing strong auroral activity observable almost instantaneously all around the auroral oval.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

ELECTROMAG RADIATION. “In addition to the interaction with the solar wind, the Sun affects the Earth’s environment also through electromagnetic radiation that reaches the Earth much faster than the solar wind flow.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

SOLAR HEAT. “This most familiar form of the Sun’s influence on the Earth is a factor also for space weather: Increases of the solar irradiance cause heating of the upper atmosphere, which affects the drag experienced by low-Earth-orbiting satellites.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn